閱讀復(fù)習(xí)是四六級(jí)(精品課)考試備考的一項(xiàng)大工程，尤其當(dāng)我們煩躁的時(shí)候，其篇幅之長(zhǎng)，題目之多，簡(jiǎn)直可以令我們感到"發(fā)指"。這個(gè)時(shí)候，你就需要一些閱讀技巧，今天給到的閱讀技巧是排除選項(xiàng)四原則。
排除原則NO.1： 排除與原文相關(guān)句態(tài)度相反的選項(xiàng)
態(tài)度相反原則，即選項(xiàng)所述主題與原文正好相反或態(tài)度不一致，可立即排除。
如2010年6月的四級(jí)考試閱讀理解題目中，有一道題困擾了很多考生。
Passage 2 Q64： What does the author mean by "… you're just underlining his faults" (Line 4, Para. 3)?
原文相關(guān)句：If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults.
題目選項(xiàng)：
A) You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed.
C) You are emphasizing the fact that his is not intelligent.
D) You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.
這道題目很多同學(xué)會(huì)因?yàn)閒aults一詞而誤選了選項(xiàng)D)。我們嚴(yán)格應(yīng)用排除法來(lái)做題目，則可避免這一錯(cuò)誤。原文相關(guān)句主題 underline one's faults，意為"強(qiáng)調(diào)某人的錯(cuò)誤"。
先來(lái)關(guān)注各選項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞：A) not take … seriously沒(méi)有嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的對(duì)待，與原文相反，排除;B)point out指出錯(cuò)誤，保留;C) emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào)，保留;D) try to make sb. feel better讓某人感覺(jué)更好，與強(qiáng)調(diào)錯(cuò)誤這一主題相反，排除。在此基礎(chǔ)上，再應(yīng)用主題相關(guān)原則做排除，B)選項(xiàng)提及指出某人所犯的錯(cuò)誤(errors)，C)選項(xiàng)說(shuō)強(qiáng)調(diào)他不聰明(not intelligent)，原文表述he has the potential of an Einstein(有愛(ài)因斯坦先生的潛質(zhì))，沒(méi)有提到犯錯(cuò)誤，因此正確答案為C)。
排除原則NO.2：排除與原文相關(guān)句主題不一致的選項(xiàng)
主題一致性，是排除法的第一要義。很多題目，僅僅通過(guò)主題不一致原則就可以排除得出正確答案。
句子主題，通常體現(xiàn)在名詞或動(dòng)詞上。因此審題和排除選項(xiàng)時(shí)，首先要關(guān)注句子中的核心名詞和動(dòng)詞，找尋題目與選項(xiàng)的一致性。
例如上文提及的2011年12月Passage2 Q63：What does the author mean by saying 'money is known… to bring a relationship to its knees' (Line 1 Para.2)?
原文相關(guān)句：Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful.
題目選項(xiàng)：
A) Money is considered to be the root of all evils.
B) Some people sacrifice their dignity for money.
C) Few people can resist the temptation of money.
D) Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.
原文相關(guān)句主題為money和relationship之間的關(guān)系。
據(jù)此來(lái)考察各個(gè)選項(xiàng)：A) 提到money和evil(邪惡)之間的關(guān)系，主題不一致，排除。B) 提到人們的尊嚴(yán)(dignity)的問(wèn)題，主題不一致，排除。C) 提到抵擋(resist)錢的誘惑(temptation)，主題不一致，排除。只有D) 選項(xiàng)提到了money和relationship的關(guān)系，保留為正確答案。
對(duì)于難度稍大些的題目，可以多次疊加應(yīng)用"主題相關(guān)"原則做排除。
如2011年12月Passage2 Q65：What does Kim Stephenson believe?
本題目利用Kim Stephenson回原文找尋相關(guān)句，為第三段落首句：Kim Stephenson, an occupational
psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolizes, which may be different things to men and women. 原文相關(guān)句可提取出如下主題：a big deal, symbolize, different things to men and women。
題目選項(xiàng)：
A) Money is often a symbol of a person's status.
B) Money means a great deal to both men and women.
C) Men and women spend money on different things.
D) Men and women view money in different ways.
通讀選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，A)含有symbol，B)提到a great deal，C)和D)都提及了different things/ways。因此，必須利用選項(xiàng)中其他主題詞做第二輪排除：A)選項(xiàng)提到person's status(社會(huì)地位)，原文原句并未提及任何個(gè)人背景問(wèn)題，排除;B)選項(xiàng)both men and women與原文所述different things to men and women不同，排除;C)提及spend money，原文未提到，排除。因此，最終答案為D)。D)選項(xiàng)中view money in different ways含義為"用不同的方式看待錢"，原文句義為"錢對(duì)于男人和女人所代表的(symbolize)的東西是不同的"�？梢�(jiàn)，兩句雖轉(zhuǎn)換了描述方式，但基本含義是相同的。
排除原則NO.3：：排除用語(yǔ)過(guò)于極端或負(fù)面的選項(xiàng)
四級(jí)閱讀文章來(lái)源多為學(xué)術(shù)性的報(bào)紙期刊，其語(yǔ)言的一大特征是客觀性和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性，因此鮮少出現(xiàn)極端或過(guò)于負(fù)面信息的表達(dá)。如果題目選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)明顯的極端選項(xiàng)，可以直接排除。
例如上文提到的2011年12月Passage2 Q63中的A)、C)兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)也可以利用極端原則直接排除：A)選項(xiàng)Money is considered to be the root of all evils.(錢是萬(wàn)惡之源)，C)選項(xiàng)Few people can resist the temptation of money.(沒(méi)人能抵擋得住錢的誘惑)，都是過(guò)于極端和負(fù)面的信息。
再如2012年6月四級(jí)考試Passage 1 Q61：What can be inferred from the last paragraph? 本文依然討論的是經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退給家庭關(guān)系帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題。
題目選項(xiàng)為：
A) The economic recovery will see a higher divorce rate.
B) Few couple can stand the test of economic hardships.
C) A stable family is the best protection against poverty.
D) Money is the foundation of many a happy marriage.
精讀選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，B) 幾乎沒(méi)有那個(gè)家庭可以經(jīng)歷經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的考驗(yàn)，過(guò)于極端和負(fù)面，排除;D) 錢才是很多幸�；橐龅幕�，過(guò)于負(fù)面，與積極陽(yáng)光的普世價(jià)值相左，排除;C) 穩(wěn)定的家庭是抵御貧困的最好的保護(hù)，雖然該選項(xiàng)是正面信息，但是best一詞的判斷力度未免太過(guò)強(qiáng)烈。因此，初步分析，選項(xiàng)A) 似乎更加靠譜。而回歸原文驗(yàn)證后發(fā)現(xiàn)，文章末段結(jié)尾句恰恰表達(dá)了選項(xiàng)A) 對(duì)應(yīng)的含義：So it's only when the economy is healthy again that we'll begin to see just how many broken families have been created. 只有當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇之后，我們才能夠看出到底有多少家庭破裂了。選項(xiàng)A) 意為"經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇將見(jiàn)證離婚率的上升"。二者為簡(jiǎn)單的同義改寫。
排除原則NO.4：注意結(jié)合文章主旨和主題做排除
在解答個(gè)別較困難的題目時(shí)，除了應(yīng)用以上排除原則外，還可以結(jié)合全文主旨和主題來(lái)排除選項(xiàng)作答，有時(shí)可大大簡(jiǎn)化做題的難度。例如2011年6月四級(jí)考試Passage1 Q60：What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?
原文相關(guān)句："One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration."
題目選項(xiàng)：
A) Students of different races are required to share room.
B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.
C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.
D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.
首先，C)選項(xiàng)without exception與原文相關(guān)句表述"with some exceptions"正好相反，排除。在剩余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中做判斷時(shí)，可以參考全文主題。主題句通常在文章開(kāi)頭：Several recent studies have found that being randomly (隨機(jī)地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also, to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict. 從開(kāi)頭句可看出，全文討論的主題是"隨機(jī)給不同種族的同學(xué)安排宿舍"的問(wèn)題。再結(jié)合原文相關(guān)句中the process throws you together randomly，對(duì)于"隨機(jī)"一詞的重復(fù)印證，可以做出排除，選擇答案D)。而其他兩選項(xiàng)也可通過(guò)主題相關(guān)原則做排除：A)選項(xiàng)的be required(被要求共用宿舍)，原句未提及;B)選項(xiàng)arranged by the school(由學(xué)校安排)，原文也未明確提出安排宿舍的主體。