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考研英語(一)完整真題及答案解析
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" ___1__ helping you feel close and __2___to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a ___3__ of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you __4___ getting sick this winter.
In a recent study ___5__ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs ___6__ the participants' susceptibility(敏感性) to developing the common cold after being ___7__ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come ___8__ with a cold, and the researchers __9___ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging ___10__ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ___11__ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe __12___.
"Hugging protects people who are under stress from the ___13__ risk for colds that's usually __14___ with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps __15___ the feeling that others are there to help ___16__difficulty."
Some experts ___17__ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin(后葉催產(chǎn)素), often called"the bonding hormone" __18___ it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it___19__ in the brain, where it __20___ mood, behavior and physiology.
1.
[A]Besides
[B]Unlike
[C]Throughout
[D]Despite
介詞辨析。從前后文意思來看，此處為遞進關(guān)系，前后都表示擁抱的益處，Besides符合題意。因此答案為A項。
2.
[A]equal
[B]restricted
[C]connected
[D]inferior
考查詞匯意思和并列關(guān)系。此處的詞匯應(yīng)該與close意思相近。擁抱使人與人親近，當然也讓人聯(lián)系緊密。Connected有聯(lián)系的，符合題意。因此答案為C項。
3.
[A]view
[B]host
[C]lesson
[D]choice
固定搭配。a host of 意為許多。擁抱能帶來很多健康好處。符合題意。因此答案為B選項。
4.
[A]avoid
[B]forget
[C]recall
[D]keep
根據(jù)句子意思，擁抱能讓人避免冬天生病。其他幾個詞匯均不符合題意。因此答案為A選項。
5.
[A]collecting
[B]affecting
[C]guiding
[D]involving
動詞辨析。該句的意思是這項研究包含了400名健康的成年人。D選項involve具有包含的意思。collect意為收集，affect意為影響,guide意為指導(dǎo)，均不符合題意。因此答案為D選項。
6.
[A]on
[B]in
[C]at
[D]of
固定搭配。去掉修飾成分，可以看到句子主干為researchers examined the effects of hugs__the participants' susceptibility.對參與者敏感性的影響。effect on sth.對…的影響。因此答案為A選項。
7.
[A]devoted
[B]attracted
[C]lost
[D]exposed
動詞辨析。be exposed to 遭受;暴露于，be devoted to 致力于，be attracted to 被吸引，be lost to 不再屬于…;無動于衷。be exposed to 符合題意。因此答案為D選項。
8.
[A]along
[B]across
[C]down
[D]out
固定搭配。Come down with 生病 come along with 隨同，一起 come across with 償付 come out with 發(fā)布，展出。只有come down with a cold感冒，符合題意。因此答案為C選項。
9.
[A]imagined
[B]denied
[C]doubted
[D]calculated
考查動詞。根據(jù)后文32%這一數(shù)據(jù)可以推測出此處的動詞意為計算calculate。imagine想象，deny否認，doubt懷疑都不符合原文意思。因此答案為D選項。
10.
[A]served
[B]restored
[C]explained
[D]required
結(jié)合第九題，此處計算到這種影響解釋說明了這個32%的比例，其他數(shù)據(jù)都不能起到解釋的意思。serve服務(wù);resore恢復(fù)，儲存;require要求。因此答案為C選項。
11.
[A]Thus
[B]Still
[C]Rather
[D]Even
考查邏輯關(guān)系詞。后面的內(nèi)容是對前一句話程度的進一步加深，even甚至，即使。符合語義。因此答案為D選項。
12.
[A]defeats
[B]symptoms
[C]errors
[D]tests
考查詞義。即使是感冒的人，如果有強大的社會支持，經(jīng)常和別人擁抱，就很少有感冒的癥狀。symptom癥狀，征兆符合題意。因此答案為B選項。
13.
[A]highlighted
[B]increased
[C]controlled
[D]minimized
上下文語義及詞義辨析。擁抱能夠保護處于壓力之下的人們免受增加的感冒風(fēng)險的威脅。因此答案為B選項。
14.
[A]presented
[B]equipped
[C]associated
[D]compared
考查固定搭配。根據(jù)上下文，原文中說“感冒是和壓力相聯(lián)系的”，be associated with.
“和...有關(guān)”be presented with 和…一起出席，be equipped with 裝備，be compared with比較。C選項associated with 符合題意。因此答案為C選項。
15.
[A]assess
[B]generate
[C]moderate
[D]record
考查動詞。擁抱能夠幫助人們產(chǎn)生一種感覺，此處應(yīng)填generate。因此答案為B選項。
16.
[A]in the name of
[B] in the form of
[C] in the face of
[D] in the way of
固定搭配。根據(jù)句子意思，擁抱能讓人產(chǎn)生一種面對危險的時候，別人會來幫你的感覺。in the face of 面對，in the name of 以…的名義，in the way of 在…方面。In the face of 符合題意。因此答案為C。
17.
[A]attribute
[B]commit
[C]transfer
[D]return
固定搭配。句子主干為some experts ___ the benefits to … attribute to 歸因于,commit to 承諾，承擔責任，transfer to 轉(zhuǎn)到，return to回到。因此答案為A選項。
18.
[A]unless
[B]because
[C]though
[D]until
考查邏輯關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)上下文可以看出，后面的一句話是對前面的話進行的解釋，表示原因。所以選because.因此答案為B選項。
19.
[A]remains
[B]emerges
[C]vanishes
[D]decreases
考查動詞詞義。根據(jù)前后文意思，一部分后葉催產(chǎn)素已經(jīng)釋放到血液中，那么另一些保留在大腦中發(fā)揮作用。remain保存，保留，emerge出現(xiàn)，vanish消失，decrease減少。因此答案為A選項。
20.
[A]experiences
[B]combines
[C]justifies
[D]influences
考查上下文理解。后葉催產(chǎn)素影響著人們的心情、行為以及生理機能。因此答案為D選項。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.
Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.
It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.
21. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to____
[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.
[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.
[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.
[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.
解析：A
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