清明節(jié)英文介紹

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　　清明節(jié)英文介紹

　　QingMing Jie

　　Qing Ming is a time to remember the dead and the dearly departed.More important, it is a period to honour and to pay respect to one's deceasedancestors and family members. Because it reinforces the ethic of filial piety,Qing Ming is a major Chinese festival.

　　Literally meaning "clear" (Qing) and "bright" (Ming), thisChinese festival falls in early spring, on the 106th day after the wintersolstice. It is a "spring" festival, and it is an occasion for the wholefamily to leave the home and to sweep the graves of their forebears. Chinesebeing practical people this sweeping of the graves is given an extended period,that is, 10 days before and after Qing Ming day. Among some dialect groups awhole month is allocated.

　　清明節(jié)是一個紀念祖先的節(jié)日。主要的紀念儀式是掃墓，掃墓是慎終追遠、郭親睦鄰及行孝的具體表現(xiàn);基于上述意義，清明節(jié)因此成為華人的重要節(jié)日。清明節(jié)是在仲春和暮春之交，也就是冬至后的106天。掃墓活動通常是在清明節(jié)的前十天或后十天。有些地域的人士的掃墓活動長達一個月。

　　ORIGIN起源)

　　Qing Ming is popularlyassociated with Jie Zi Zhui, who lived in Shanxi province in 600 B.C. Legendhas it that Jie saved his starving lord's life by serving a piece of his ownleg. When the lord succeeded in becoming the ruler of a small principality, heinvited his faithful follower to join him. However, Jie declined hisinvitation, preferring to lead a hermit's life with his mother in themountains.

　　Believing that he could force Jie out by burning the mountain, the lord orderedhis men to set the forest on fire. To his consternation, Jie chose to remainwhere he was and was burnt to death. To commemorate Jie, the lord ordered allfires in every home to be put out on the anniversary of Jie's death. Thus beganthe "cold food feast", a day when no food could be cooked since nofire could be lit.

　　The "cold food" festival occurs on the eve of Qing Ming and is oftenconsidered as part of the Qing Ming festival. As time passes, the Qing Mingfestival replaced the "cold food" festival. Whatever practice isobserved，the basic observation ofQing Ming is to remember one's elders by making a special effort to visit theirgraves, ashes or ancestral tablets. To make the visit even more meaningful,some time should be spent to remind the younger members of the family of thelives and contributions of their ancestors, and the story of Jie Zi Zhui whochoose death over capitulation.

　　談到清明節(jié)，有點歷史知識的人，都會聯(lián)想到歷史人物介子椎。據(jù)歷史記載，在兩千多年以前的春秋時代，晉國公子重耳逃亡在外，生活艱苦，跟隨他的介子椎不惜從自己的腿上割下一塊肉讓他充饑。后來，重耳回到晉國，作了國君(即晉文公，春秋五霸之一)，大事封賞所有跟隨他流亡在外的隨從，惟獨介子椎拒絕接受封賞，他帶了母親隱居綿山。

　　晉文公無計可施，只好放火燒山，他想，介子椎孝順母親，一定會帶著老母出來。誰知這場大火卻把介子椎母子燒死了。為了紀念介子椎，晉文公下令每年的這一天，禁止生火，家家戶戶只能吃生冷的食物，這就是寒食節(jié)的來源。

　　寒食節(jié)是在清明節(jié)的前一天，古人常把寒食節(jié)的活動延續(xù)到清明，久而久之，清明取代了寒食節(jié)。拜介子椎的習俗也變成了清明掃墓的習俗了。無論以何種形式紀念，為了使紀念祖先的儀式更有意義，我們應該讓年輕一代的家庭成員了解先人過去的奮斗歷史，當然，還要學習介子椎寧死不屈的氣節(jié)。

　　節(jié)日風俗：盛行的習俗與食俗

　　◎蕩秋千 這是中國古代清明節(jié)習俗。秋千，意即揪著皮繩而遷移。它的歷史很古老，最早叫千秋，后為了避忌諱，改之為秋千。古時的秋千多用樹椏枝為架，再拴上彩帶做成。后來逐步發(fā)展為用兩根繩索加上踏板的秋千。蕩秋千不僅可以增進健康，而且可以培養(yǎng)勇敢精神，至今為人們特別是兒童所喜愛。

　　◎蹴鞠 鞠是一種皮球，球皮用皮革做成，球內用毛塞緊。蹴鞠，就是用足去踢球。這是古代清明節(jié)時人們喜愛的一種游戲。相傳是黃帝發(fā)明的，最初目的是用來訓練武士。打馬球，也是端午之戲之一。馬球，是騎在馬上，持棍打球，古稱擊鞠，三國曹植《名都篇》中有“連翩擊鞠壤”之句。唐代長安，有寬大的球場，玄宗、敬宗等皇帝均喜馬球。章懷太子墓中《馬球圖》，畫出了唐代馬球的興盛：畫上，二十多匹駿馬飛馳，馬尾扎結起來，打球者頭戴幞巾，足登長靴，手持球杖逐球相擊�！段鼋蛑尽酚涍|國把打馬球作為節(jié)日的傳統(tǒng)風俗，于端午、重九擊球。《金史禮志》也記金人于端午擊球。宋代有“打球樂”舞隊。至明代，馬球仍流行。

　　◎放風箏 每逢清明時節(jié)，人們不僅白天放，夜間也放。夜里在風箏下或風穩(wěn)拉線上掛上一串串彩色的小燈籠，像閃爍的明星，被稱為“神燈”。過去，有的人把風箏放上藍天后，便剪斷牽線，任憑清風把它們送往天涯海角，據(jù)說這樣能除病消災，給自己帶來好運。

　　◎掃墓 清明掃墓，謂之對祖先的“思時之敬”，其習俗由來已久。明《帝京景物略》載：“三月清明日，男女掃墓，擔提尊榼，轎馬后掛楮錠，粲粲然滿道也。拜者、酹者、哭者、為墓除草添土者，焚楮錠次，以紙錢置墳頭。望中無紙錢，則孤墳矣�？蘖T，不歸也，趨芳樹，擇園圃，列坐盡醉�！逼鋵�，掃墓在秦以前就有了，但不一定是在清明之際，清明掃墓則是秦以后的事。到唐朝才開始盛行�！肚逋ǘY》云：“歲，寒食及霜降節(jié)，拜掃壙塋，屆期素服詣墓，具酒饌及芟剪草木之器，周胝封樹，剪除荊草，故稱掃墓�！辈⑾鄠髦两瘛�

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