考研英語一的真題及答案

　　在學(xué)習(xí)和工作中，我們很多時(shí)候都不得不用到考試真題，考試真題是命題者根據(jù)一定的考核需要編寫出來的。你所見過的考試真題是什么樣的呢？以下是小編收集整理的考研英語一真題及答案，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。

　　考研英語一的真題及答案 1

　　Text2

　　An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.

　　In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?

　　In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT ;Googles Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.

　　On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.

　　It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.

　　Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Googles on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsofts chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?

　　26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:

　　[A] ease competition among themselves

　　[B] lower their operational costs

　　[C] avoid complaints from consumers

　　[D]provide better online services

　　27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:

　　[A] online advertisers

　　[B] e-commerce conductors

　　[C] digital information analysis

　　[D]internet browser developers

　　28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default

　　[A] many cut the number of junk ads

　　[B] fails to affect the ad industry

　　[C] will not benefit consumers

　　[D]goes against human nature

　　29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?

　　[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose

　　[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT

　　[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers

　　[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads

　　30. The authors attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:

　　[A] indulgence

　　[B] understanding

　　[C] appreciation

　　[D] skepticism

　　Text 3

　　Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.

　　Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.

　　But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldnt we? Take a broader look at our species place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."

　　So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .

　　Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of todays technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and its perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. Thats one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.

　　But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.

　　This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.

　　31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by

　　[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment

　　[B] our faith in science and technology

　　[C] our awareness of potential risks

　　[D] our belief in equal opportunity

　　32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are

　　[A] a sustained species

　　[B] a threaten to the environment

　　[C] the world’s dominant power

　　[D] a misplaced race

　　33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?

　　[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.

　　[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.

　　[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.

　　[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.

　　34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to

　　[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources

　　[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world

　　[C] draw on our experience from the past

　　[D] curb our ambition to reshape history

　　35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　[A] Uncertainty about Our Future

　　[B] Evolution of the Human Species

　　[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind

　　[D] Science, Technology and Humanity

　　考研英語一的真題及答案 2

　　As a historian who’s always searching for the text or the image that makes us re-evaluate the past, I’ve become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our Victorian ancestors smiling (what better way to shatter the image of 19th-century prudery?). I’ve found quite a few, and—since I started posting them on Twitter—they have been causing quite a stir. People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh. They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.

　　Of course, I need to concede that my collection of ‘Smiling Victorians’ makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, ... How do we explain this trend?

　　During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposure times were notoriously long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing an image on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete, .., and so a non-committal blank stare became the norm.

　　But exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s, and the introduction of the Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by today’s digital standards, the exposure was almost instantaneous. Spontaneous smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile.

　　One explanation might be the loss of dignity displayed through a cheesy grin. “Nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth,” ran one popular Victorian saying, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene. A flashing set of healthy and clean, regular ‘pearly whites’ was a rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental hygiene was not guaranteed).

　　A toothy grin (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lacked class: drunks, tramps and music hall performers might gurn and grin with a smile as wide as Lewis Carroll’s gum-exposing Cheshire Cat, but it was not a becoming look for properly bred persons. Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed a hearty laugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be “nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever”.

　　31. According to Paragraph 1, the author’s posts on Twitter ______.

　　A. changed people’s impression of the Victorians

　　B. highlighted social media’s role in Victorian studies

　　C. re-evaluated the Victorians’ notion of public image

　　D. illustrated the development of Victorian photography

　　32. What does the author say about the Victorian portraits he has collected?

　　A. They are in popular use among historians.

　　B. They are rare among photographs of that age.

　　C. They mirror 19th-century social conventions.

　　D. They show effects of different exposure times.

　　33. What might have kept the Victorians from smiling for pictures in the 1890s?

　　A. Their inherent social sensitiveness.

　　B. Their tension before the camera.

　　C. Their distrust of new inventions.

　　D. Their unhealthy dental condition.

　　34. Mark Twain is quoted to show that the disapproval of smiles in pictures was ______.

　　A. a deep-rooted belief

　　B. a misguided attitude

　　C. a controversial view

　　D. a thought-provoking idea

　　35. Which of the following questions does the text answer?

　　A. Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?

　　B. Why did the Victorians start to view photographs?

　　C. What made photography develop slowly in the Victorian period?

　　D. How did smiling in photographs become a post-Victorian norm?

　　31. 【答案】A(changed people’s impression of the Victorians)

　　【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph 1和the author’s posts on Twitter定位到第一段②句：I’ve found quite a few, and—since I started posting them on Twitter—they have been causing quite a stir。③句進(jìn)一步解釋stir，即People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh。A項(xiàng)changed people’s impression of the Victorians是對(duì)該句的概括。所以本題選A。

　　32. 【答案】B(They are rare among photographs of that age.)

　　【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the Victorian portraits he has collected定位到第二段①句中的my collection of ‘Smiling Victorians’ makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900。They are rare among photographs of that age是對(duì)makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900的.概括總結(jié)。所以本題選B。

　　33. 【答案】D(Their unhealthy dental condition.)

　　【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞kept the Victorians from smiling for pictures in the 1890s定位到第四段②句Spontaneous smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile。該句指出在19世紀(jì)90年代，自然的微笑相對(duì)容易捕捉，因此需要尋找其他的原因。緊接著第五段作出另一種可能的解釋，其中第五段②句中的before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene說明了口腔衛(wèi)生狀況常常令人震驚，導(dǎo)致維多利亞人拍照時(shí)不露齒笑，對(duì)應(yīng)了Their unhealthy dental condition。所以本題選D。

　　34. 【答案】A(a deep-root belief)

　　【解析】本題為例證題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Mark Twain定位到第六段②句，該句引用了Mark Twain的具體話語。再向前尋找他所要證明的觀點(diǎn)，從而定位到第六段①句A toothy grin (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lacked class，即“露齒微笑缺少修養(yǎng)”，這是一種根深蒂固的觀念，對(duì)應(yīng)A項(xiàng)a deep-root belief。所以本題選A。

　　35. 【答案】A(Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?)

　　【解析】本題為主旨大意題。全文前兩段提出維多利亞時(shí)代人們拍照時(shí)普遍不會(huì)微笑這一現(xiàn)象，接下來第三段至第六段分別從曝光時(shí)間，牙齒健康狀況以及固有觀念這三方面分析現(xiàn)象背后的原因，因此A項(xiàng)Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?是對(duì)原文主旨的概括。所以本題選A。

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