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基于ISM的公路突發(fā)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害應(yīng)急機(jī)制構(gòu)建
摘要： 公路突發(fā)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害應(yīng)急機(jī)制是保障人民生命財產(chǎn)安全和降低災(zāi)害破壞程度的有效手段,為了科學(xué)、合理地構(gòu)建公路突發(fā)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害應(yīng)急機(jī)制,運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)工程理論,采用結(jié)構(gòu)解釋模型(ISM)方法確認(rèn)并分析了應(yīng)急機(jī)制構(gòu)成的主要要素及其相互影響關(guān)系,建立了多層遞階解釋結(jié)構(gòu)模型.應(yīng)用該模型,對應(yīng)急機(jī)制體系進(jìn)行了分析,將相關(guān)要素進(jìn)行了分級,并分析了要素之間的縱向和橫向關(guān)系.構(gòu)成公路突發(fā)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害應(yīng)急機(jī)制的8個要素被劃分成5個層次.應(yīng)急預(yù)案是應(yīng)急機(jī)制構(gòu)建的綜合成果,對減災(zāi)和防止次生災(zāi)害的發(fā)生起著直接的作用;而應(yīng)急預(yù)案能否發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的作用,還受到后勤保障和實施速度的影響;會商機(jī)制可以有效的保證后勤保障和實施速度;險情監(jiān)測、安全隱患檢查、災(zāi)害調(diào)查又為會商的順利進(jìn)行提供了大量的資料和數(shù)據(jù);而信息機(jī)制又是這些要素的基礎(chǔ).要素問的相互關(guān)系被清晰的揭示,為公路應(yīng)急機(jī)制體系的建設(shè)和完善提供了科學(xué)依據(jù). Abstract： An effective response system for emergent geological hazard events could save casualty and property loss.In order to build a scientific emergency response system for the geological accidents,a multi-level recursive interpretation structure model was established,based on system engineering theory and using ISM to analyze the main elements of emergency response and their relationships.With assistance of the model,emergency-response system was analyzed and the interrelated factors of the system were classified.Both longitudinal and latitudinal relationships between the factors were fully analyzed.There were eight elements in the system,each of them divided into 5 levels.Emergency plan was a comprehensive fruit of the system construction,which directly took effect in damage reduction and seconddisaster prevention,but it was affected by logistic support and implementation speed.But consultation could ensure logistic support and implantation speed,which was supported by dangerous situation monitoring.hidden risk check and hazard investigation.And information transmission system was the base of all the elements.The relationships between the elements were clearly revealed,providing a scientific basis for construction of the emergency response system on highway. 作 者： 桂嵐 李躍軍 GUI Lan LI Yue-jun 作者單位： 桂嵐,GUI Lan(長沙理工大學(xué)交通運(yùn)輸學(xué)院,湖南長沙,410070)李躍軍,LI Yue-jun(中南大學(xué)土木建筑工程學(xué)院,湖南長沙410075;湖南省交通科學(xué)研究院,湖南,長沙410015)
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