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考研英語(yǔ):語(yǔ)法(進(jìn)行時(shí))

時(shí)間:2023-05-01 10:43:16 考研英語(yǔ) 我要投稿
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考研英語(yǔ):語(yǔ)法大全(進(jìn)行時(shí))

  過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)的墓本概念、形式和用法

考研英語(yǔ):語(yǔ)法大全(進(jìn)行時(shí))

  過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(future-in-the-past continuous tense)表示在對(duì)過(guò)去某一時(shí)間而言的將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

  1)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式由should be(第一人稱(chēng))或wonld be(第二、三人稱(chēng))加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。美國(guó)英語(yǔ)一律用wonld.

  2)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

  a)表示在過(guò)去的將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:

  He asked me what I should be doing at ten the next day.他問(wèn)我第二天十點(diǎn)鐘我將干什么。

  They said that they would be expecting us the next week.他們說(shuō)他們下個(gè)星期等我們?nèi)ァ?/p>

  b)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之后即將或按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:

  He said he could not come because he would be haying a meeting.他說(shuō)他不能來(lái),因?yàn)橐_(kāi)會(huì)。

  一般時(shí)態(tài)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別

  一般時(shí)態(tài)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的主要區(qū)別有二:

  1)一般時(shí)態(tài)通常表示經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),而進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)則表示在某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作。如:

  We read newspapers every day.我們每天讀報(bào)。

  She is now reading the newspaper.她現(xiàn)在正在讀報(bào)。

  2)一般時(shí)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)的固有特征、能力等,而進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)則表示主語(yǔ)在某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)所進(jìn)行的具體動(dòng)作。如:

  He sings well.他唱得很好。

  He is singing a folk song.他在唱一首民歌。

  注:并不是所有的動(dòng)詞都能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),例如表達(dá)狀態(tài)、感情和感覺(jué)的某些動(dòng)詞,通常只能用一般時(shí)態(tài)而不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),例如“know”(知道)一般就不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞還有be(是),have(有),1ove (愛(ài)),hate(恨),want(想要),1ike(喜歡),think(認(rèn)為),believe(相信),see(看見(jiàn)),hear(聽(tīng)見(jiàn))等。

  現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本概念

  1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示此時(shí)此刻(說(shuō)話(huà)人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí))正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,它并不表明這一動(dòng)作從什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始,到什么時(shí)候結(jié)束。漢語(yǔ)常用“(正)在”或“著”來(lái)表示這種時(shí)間關(guān)系。如:

  What are you doing?

  -I'm doing some washing.你在干什么?——我在洗衣服。

  Look! It is snowing.瞧!下著雪哩。

  She is drawing a map.她在畫(huà)一張地圖。

  Are they listening to the music?

  -NO,they are listening to the radio.他們?cè)诼?tīng)音樂(lè)嗎?——不,他們?cè)诼?tīng)收音機(jī)。

  2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作,雖然此時(shí)此刻這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能并不在進(jìn)行。如:

  He is working on a paper.他在寫(xiě)一篇論文。

  They are compiling a dictionary.他們?cè)诰幰槐驹~典。

  3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,有“意圖”或“打算”的含義(用于go,come,stay,1eave,start等表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞)。如:

  He is corning to see you tomorrow.他明天要來(lái)看你。

  They are going to the Ming tombs this coming Sunday.這個(gè)星期天他們要到十三陵去。

  They are taking the children to the zoo on Sunday.他們星期天要帶孩子們?nèi)?dòng)物園。

  What are you doing next Sunday? I'm going on a picnic with my wife and daughter.這個(gè)星期天你要干什么?我要和妻子和女兒去野餐。

  過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本概念

  過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(past continuous tense)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:

  I was practicing the violin at eight o'clock yesterday evening.昨晚八點(diǎn)鐘我正在練習(xí)小提琴。

  When Walter arrived home,his sister was doing her homework.沃爾特到家時(shí),他妹妹正在做作業(yè)。

  Pat was watching TV all evening.帕特整個(gè)晚上都在看電視。

  過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式

  過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)由was(第一、三人稱(chēng)單數(shù))或were (其余各人稱(chēng)和數(shù))加現(xiàn)在分詞所構(gòu)成。

  過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法

  表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,這一特定的時(shí)間往往須用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。如:

  She was reading an English magazine when I came in.我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)她在看一本英文雜志。

  It was getting dark.天黑了。

  They were working all day yesterday.他們昨天整天工作。

  We were cleaning the auditorium from 7 to 9 last night.昨晚七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)我們?cè)诖驋叽蠖Y堂。

  I met him when he was crossing the street.他過(guò)街時(shí)我碰見(jiàn)他。

  過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的其他用法

  1)表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞go,come,start,stay,leave等的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),可以表示過(guò)去將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:

  They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.他們想知道我們什么時(shí)候到上海去。

  She asked whether he was starting then ext day.她問(wèn)他是否第二天就動(dòng)身。

  2)動(dòng)詞go的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)加動(dòng)詞不定式,可以表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之后將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。(比較8.24的3)如:

  They said they were going to set up a nursery.他們說(shuō)他們要設(shè)立一個(gè)托兒所。

  She said the foreign guests were going to visit the Shanghai in dustrial Exhibition.她說(shuō)外賓要去參觀上海工業(yè)展覽會(huì)。

  The monitor announced that our new teacher was going to speak to us.班長(zhǎng)宣布新老師要跟我們講話(huà)。

  3)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來(lái)描寫(xiě)故事發(fā)生的背景。如:

  It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A young woman suddenly appeared on the riverbank. it was Xier. She had just escaped from Huang Shiren's house.那是一個(gè)漆黑的夜晚。風(fēng)刮得很厲害,雨下得很大。一個(gè)年輕婦女突然出現(xiàn)在河岸上。這就是喜兒。她剛從黃世仁的家里逃了出來(lái)。

  過(guò)去一般時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法比較

  過(guò)去一般時(shí)通常表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的一個(gè)單純的事實(shí),而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)在這一過(guò)程中所進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或展開(kāi)的情景。試比較:

  We built a bridge last winter.去冬我們修了一座橋。(意即去冬我們做了這件事,橋已經(jīng)修好了。)

  We were building a hydro-electric station last winter.去冬我們?cè)谛匏娬。(意即去冬我們一直在修水電站,修完與否不詳)

  I wrote a letter home last night.昨晚我寫(xiě)了一封家信。(意即)昨晚我做了這件事,信寫(xiě)完了。)

  I was writing a letter to my pen friend in America last night.昨晚我在給我的美國(guó)筆友寫(xiě)信。(意即昨晚我一直在寫(xiě)信,不一定寫(xiě)完)

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