考研英語完全倒裝句型常見結(jié)構(gòu)

　　英語的最基本的結(jié)構(gòu)是主、謂結(jié)構(gòu)，倒裝就是將這種比較固定的詞序加以顛倒。英語的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)分為兩種：完全倒裝和部分倒裝。完全倒裝即指整個謂語動詞被放在主語的前面。今天，輔導(dǎo)老師和大家分享一下完全倒裝的常見結(jié)構(gòu)，以幫助大家很快識別倒裝并還原。

　　常見的完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　(1) 副詞here, there, then, now, next,等至于句首時：

　　Yourturn comesnow. Now comes your turn。

　　Edward and his wife came next. Next

　　came Edward and his wife。

　　A ticket for you is here. Here

　　is a ticket for you。

　　Notes: 主語為代詞時，不用倒裝

　　He comes now. Now he comes。

　　(2) 表地點(diǎn)的介詞短語置于句首時：

　　An old man sat in front of thehouse. In front of the house sat an old man。

　　A beautiful lake lies at the foot ofthe hill. At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake。

　　Some students are sitting under thetree. Under the tree are sitting somestudents。

　　Notes: 主語為代詞時，不用倒裝

　　He came in again. In he came again。

　　He sat in front of thehouse. In front of the house he sat。

　　(3) 方位副詞off, away, up, in, down等至于句首時：

　　The horse went off. Off

　　went the horse。

　　The prices went up. Up

　　went the prices。

　　The bird flew away. Away

　　flew the bird。

　　Notes: 主語為代詞時，不用倒裝

　　(4) 形容詞/形容詞短語/現(xiàn)在分詞短語/過去分詞短語做句子的表語位于句首時：(此時句中的謂語動詞往往是系動詞，包括be動詞，持續(xù)系動詞：keep, remain, stay等，感官系動詞：feel, smell, sound, taste，變化系動詞：become, go, get等。)

　　Mr. White and manyother friends were present at the meeting. Present at the meeting were Mr.White and many other friends。

　　Aboy was lying on the floor. Lyingon the floor was a boy。

　　接下來，給大家列舉幾個考研真題的例句，檢測大家是否能一眼識別完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　a.Implicit within Taylor’sdefinition is the concept that culture islearned, shared, and patterned behavior. (2013年英譯漢)

　　分析：這里是完全倒裝，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)是上述的(4)：形容詞短語(implicitwithin Taylor’s definition)作表語置于句首。

　　譯文：泰勒對文化的定義隱含這樣一層意思，即文化是一種學(xué)習(xí)、交流和模式化的行為。

　　b.At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Rossin 1992. (1997年閱讀)

　　分析：這里是完全倒裝，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)是上述的(2)：表地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(atthe core of this debate)置于句首。

　　譯文：這場爭論的核心人物是現(xiàn)年56歲的主席GeraldLevin。他于1992年接替已故的Steve Ross。

　　c.Emerging from the 1980census is the picture of a nation developingmore and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast andMidwest reaches a near standstill。

　　分析：這里是完全倒裝，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)是上述的(4)：現(xiàn)在分詞短語(emergingfrom the 1980 census)作表語置于句首。

　　譯文：1980年的人口普查顯示，隨著東北部和中西部人口發(fā)展幾乎停頓，國家形成越來越多的地方性競爭。

　　（一）倒裝句的意義

　　1、適應(yīng)一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，主要是指疑問句句型結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。

　　e.g. May I come in?

　　Was the Peoples Liberation Army founded in 1927?

　　2、為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一部分，而把這部分放到句首，構(gòu)成倒裝。

　　e.g. Never have I been late for school this term.

　　So early did he come to school that no other students came.

　�。ǘ�）倒裝的使用情況

　　1、在 "there be" 結(jié)構(gòu)里，there是引導(dǎo)詞，主語在be后。

　　e.g. There is a box on the table.

　　2、在疑問句中。

　　e.g. Is she singing in the classroom?

　　What does your mother do?

　　3、在here, there等副詞開頭的某些句子里（要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)）。如果主語是人稱代詞，主語和主要動詞的詞序不變。（完全倒裝）

　　e.g. There goes the bell.

　　Here is an apple for you.

　　There she comes.

　　4、重復(fù)倒裝句型，用在以so, nor, neither開頭，表示謂語所述的情況也適用于另一個人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示"也一樣"、"也這樣"；nor, neither用于否定句，表示"同樣也不，也不這樣"。

　　e.g. I am watching TV. So is she.

　　My parents didnt watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.

　　5、直接引語的全部或一部分放在句首時，主句中的主謂也常直接倒裝。（完全倒裝）

　　e.g. "Very well," said the French student.

　　"Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please." said he.

　　6、在以never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom等否定副詞開頭的句子中，采用部分倒裝。如不放在句首就不要倒裝。

　　e.g. Little did he say at the meeting.

　　Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.

　　比較：I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.

　　7、用于以only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句的句子中。

　　e.g. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk.

　　Only in this way can we learn English well.

　　注意：如果only后的詞組不是狀語，不需倒裝。

　　e.g. Only Wang Lili knows this.

　　8、為了表達(dá)生動，有時把表地點(diǎn)、方位的副詞，如 up, down, out, away, in等放在句首，同時把謂語動詞放在主語之前。若主語為人稱代詞，主語和謂語動詞的位置不變，只將副詞放在句首。（完全倒裝）

　　e.g. Away hurried the boy.

　　Out rushed the girl.

　　9、在虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中，條件從句的謂語含有were, had 和should這三個詞是，可省去if，將這些詞移至主語之前。

　　e.g. Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.

　　Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.

　　Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.

　　10、as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時要倒裝（形容詞/ 副詞/ 名詞/ 動詞 + as + 主語 + 謂語）。

　　e.g. Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.

　　Child as he is, he seems to know everything.（child前不加冠詞）

　　Hard as he worded, he made little progress.

　　11、用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。

　　e.g. May you succeed!

　　Long live the Peoples Republic of China!

　　12、So + 形容詞、副詞及such 置于句首時要倒裝。

　　So happy did he feel.Such was me.

　　練習(xí)：倒裝句

　　1. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.

　　A. didnt I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didnt realizeD. I realized

　　2. Only by practising a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language.

　　A. you canB. can youC. you willD. will you

　　3. If you dont go, neither ____.

　　A. shall IB. do IC. I doD. I shall

　　4. No sooner ____ to the station ____ the train left.

　　A. had I got, whenB. I had got, thanC. had I got, thanD. did I get, when

　　5. ---- Your father is very strict with you.---- ____. He never lets off a single mistake of ours

　　A. So he isB. So is heC. He is soD. So does he

　　6. ____ today, he would get there by Sunday.

　　A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leave

　　7. Never in my life ____ such a thing.A. I have heard or have seen

　　B. have I heard or seenC. I have heard or seenD. did I hear or see

　　8. ---- Here ____! Where is Xiao Liu?---- There ____.

　　A. comes the bus, is he B. comes the bus, he isC. the bus comes, is heD. the bus comes, he is

　　9. ____ , I will not buy it.

　　A. Much as do I like itB. As much I like itC. Much as I like it D. As I like it much

　　10. ---- I like football. I dont like volleyball.---- ____.

　　A. So do IB. Neither do IC. So it is with meD. So is it with me

　　11._____ the expense, I _____ to Italy.

　　A. If it were not, goB. Were it not for, would go

　　C. Werent it for, will goD. If it hadn t been, would have gone

　　12. So _____ in the darkness that he didn t dare to move an inch.

　　A. he was frightened B. was he frightenedC. frightened he was D. frightened was he

　　13.-In modem times, girls like beautiful clothes.

　　-Yes, _____ and boys. After all, our life has greatly improved.

　　A. so do they; so do youB. so they do; so you do

　　C. so do they; so you doD. so they do; so do you

　　14.-You have an English class every day except Sunday. --- _____.

　　A. So we have B. So we doC. So have we D. So do we

　　15.1 wonder if your wife will go to the ball. If your wife _____, so _____ mine.

　　A. does; will B.will; doesC.will; would D.does; do

　　16. Only after I read the text over again _____ its main idea.

　　A. that I knew B.did I knewC. 1 could know D. I did know

　　17.-You seem to have learned all the English words by heart.

　　A.Sol do B.SodolC. So I have D. So have 1

　　18. -I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot.

　　A. So do I B. Neither do IC. I m the same D. So it is with me

　　19. So excited _____ that he couldnt say a word.

　　A. he seemed B. did he seemC. was he seeming D. he did look

　　20. Jimmy was so nervous not a single word _____ down in the dictation.

　　A. he wrote B. he was writtenC. did he write D. was he written

　　21. Little ______ when 1 took the trip where it would lead me.

　　A. have I known B. had I known C. do 1 know&nbs

　　職稱英語考試倒裝句的用法

　　一、全部倒裝

　　全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：

　　1)here， there， now， then， thus等副詞置于句首， 謂語動詞常用be， come， go， lie， run.

　　There goes the bell. 鈴響了。

　　Here is your letter. 這是你的新。

　　2)表示運(yùn)動方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首，謂語表示運(yùn)動的動詞。

　　Out rushed a missile fromunder the bomber.導(dǎo)彈從轟炸機(jī)下面沖了出來。

　　Ahead sat an old woman.老人坐在前面。

　　注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如：Here he comes. Away they went.

　　二、部分倒裝

　　部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do，does或did，并將其置于主語之前。

　　1)句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no， not， never， seldom， little， hardly， at no time， in no way， not until… 等。

　　Neverhave I seen such a performance.我從未見過這樣的表演。

　　Nowherewill you find the answer to this question.你找不到這個問題的答案。

　　Notuntil the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.直到孩子入睡，母親才離開

　　房間。

　　當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。

　　注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。

　　I have never seen such aperformance. 我從未見過這樣的表演。

　　典型例題

　　1) Why can‘t I smoke here?At no time___ in the meeting-room

　　A. is smoking permitted　　 B.　smoking is permitted

　　C. smoking is it permitted　 D.　does smoking permit

　　答案A. 這是一個倒裝問題。當(dāng)否定詞語置于句首以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 這些否定詞包括no， little， hardly，seldom， never， not only，not until等。本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permittedin the meeting-room at no time.

　　三、以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝

　　如 Not only…but also， Hardly/Scarcely…when， No sooner… than

　　Not only did he refuse thegift，he also severelycriticized the sender.他不僅拒絕了禮物，還嚴(yán)厲的批評了送禮的人。

　　Hardlyhad she gone out when a student came to visit her.她還沒走出家門,就有一個學(xué)生來看望她。

　　注意：只有當(dāng)Not only… but also連接兩個分句時，才在第一個分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Notonly… but also僅連接兩個并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　Not only you but also I amfond of music.不僅是你，還有我，都喜歡音樂。

　　四、so，neither，nor作部分倒裝

　　表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒裝。

　　Tom can speak French. So canJack.湯姆會說大于，杰克也會。

　　五、only在句首要倒裝的情況

　　Only in this way， can you learn English well.只有通過這個方法，你才能將英語學(xué)好。

　　Only after being asked threetimes did he come to the meeting.請了三次，他才來開會。

　　如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝

　　Only when he is seriouslyill， does he ever stay inbed.只有當(dāng)生病嚴(yán)重的時候，他才躺在床上。

　　六、as，though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句

　　as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 (形容詞， 副詞， 分詞， 實(shí)義動詞提前)。

　　注意：

　　1)句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。

　　2)句首是實(shí)義動詞， 其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實(shí)義動詞一起放在主語之前。

　　Try hard as he will，he never seems able to dothe work satisfactorily.不管他如何努力，他都不能將這份工作做的讓人滿意。

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