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Unit 18 Seeing the doctor

時間:2023-05-02 03:22:51 初中英語教案 我要投稿
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Unit 18 Seeing the doctor

教學(xué)建議

教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析

本單元圍繞“生病”和“就醫(yī)”這一主線展開教學(xué)。整個單元安排了兩個對話和兩篇小短文。使學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)第67課的基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)“生病”和“看病”的日常用語。同時也啟發(fā)人們思考和探討飲食、休息、鍛煉及適當(dāng)參加一些體力勞動與健康之間的關(guān)系。本單元的語法項目是have to和must之間在用法上的一些區(qū)別及系動詞的用法。

第69課第一部分是Jill和Mum的一段小對話,從而引出第二部分Jill和醫(yī)生的一段對話,從中介紹了許多有關(guān)的交際用語。第三部分是一個說與寫的訓(xùn)練。旨在鞏固以上所學(xué)內(nèi)容,同時引出本單元的語法重點have to的用法。

第70課介紹了一篇做夢與心理健康的文章。它符合學(xué)生的心理和年齡特征,容易引起他們閱讀的興趣。讀后可讓學(xué)生做文前的兩個討論題,加深他們對課文內(nèi)容的理解,同時提高他們口頭運用英語語言的能力。

第71課第一部分的對話旨在復(fù)習(xí) have to的基礎(chǔ)上引出它的否定形式和與must在用法上的區(qū)別。第二部分是介紹有關(guān)系動詞taste,look,seem,feel,be的用法。

第72課的第二部分是組句訓(xùn)練,主要是用于鞏固第對課第二部分中所學(xué)的幾個系動詞。第三部分安排了一段頗有幽默感的病人和醫(yī)生的對話,提醒大家注意飲食與健康的關(guān)系。第四部分的寫作訓(xùn)練主要讓學(xué)生運用已學(xué)過的有關(guān)看病就醫(yī)的日常用語。

重難點及疑點分析

(-)重點、難點

A.單詞及短語

trouble, cough, terrible, wake, asleep, plant, difficult, rich, angry, look over, fat, thin

asleep是形容詞,意思是“睡著的”。表示“睡得很熟”用fast asleep或sound asleep,不用very asleep。asleep通常作表語,不作前置定語。

B.句子

1.Take this medicine three times a day.

2. Have a good rest and drink more water.

3. Last night, as soon as I fell asleep I dreamt that I went to the garden.

as soon as譯為“-……就……”,常用來引導(dǎo)、個時間狀語從句,其將來時用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示,主句用將來時。例如:

I will write to you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.

4. There s nothing much wrong with you.

5. I mean you eat too much food, and you don’t take enough exercise, too much后面跟不可數(shù)名詞。too many后面跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。much too后面跟形容詞或副詞,如too much time, too many books, much too clear, much too fast等。exercise在這里是“鍛煉”的意思,是不可數(shù)名詞,但具體指某一種“鍛煉”用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如morning exercises,eye exercises。

6. No problem, doctor.

7. Do you remember your worst dream?

C.語法

1.情態(tài)動詞have to的用法。

2.系動詞的用法。

(二)疑點

A.單詞及短語

smell, instead, stop. . . from doing…

1. smell是知覺性動詞,相當(dāng)于系動詞,后面用形容詞作表語。如:

This food smells good.

2. instead作副詞,是“代替”、“頂替”的意思。如:

Mr. Wang is ill, I will take his class instead.

instead of為介詞短語,它后面可跟名詞、代詞、動名詞、介詞短語或形容詞等。如:

(1)I will clean the window instead of him.

(2)We will skate instead of playing football.

3. stop… from …意為“阻止(防止)……做某事”。如:

The heavy rain stopped them from going to school.

B.句子

1. She didn't feel like eating anything.

此句中的fee like相當(dāng)于would like或want。feel like doing sth. =would like/want to do sth.

2. I had to sit down and rest every five minutes.

every five minutes指的是每5分鐘。如:

He comes to see us every three days.

3. Let me take your temperature.

Let sb. do sth. 是一個固定的用法。

C.語法

1.have to與must的區(qū)別

(l)must表示主觀,have to表示客觀。

We must help each other.

My sister is ill, my mother has to look after her.

(2)inns一般表示現(xiàn)在時,而have to有多種時態(tài)。

2.系動詞除了我們常用的be以外,還有become, turn, smell, taste, seem, sound, feel, look, go等。

口語訓(xùn)練

本單元的口語訓(xùn)練主要涉及“看病就醫(yī)”的一些表達方法。學(xué)生第一次接觸到這方面的內(nèi)容,可能有一些難度。教師可先讓學(xué)生聽第69課第一部分的錄音,聽懂關(guān)鍵性的句子和短語。What’s the trouble? have a headache and a cough, take sb. to see a doctor,接著做第二部分的Puzzle dialogue,然后組織學(xué)生兩人一組進行對話訓(xùn)練。在此基礎(chǔ)上師生共同討論對已學(xué)過的“看病就醫(yī)”的表達法進行歸納。如:What’s the matter with you? /What’s wrong (with you)? /What’s the trouble (with you)? /feel like doing sth./have(get)a pain in/I don’t feel very well (any better) now./have a headache( cold/cough) /nothing serious/take one’s temperature/take sb. to see a doctor/take this medicine two( three/four) times a day/have a good rest/drink more water,最后學(xué)生分組編制生病或看病就醫(yī)的對話。場景的設(shè)置可以在家中、醫(yī)院或?qū)W校。教師可以根據(jù)實際情況叫幾組學(xué)生在全班同學(xué)面前表演。

老師可以布置學(xué)生參考練習(xí)冊第69課練習(xí)3,以學(xué)生自己的名義給班主任老師或英語老師寫張請假條。

有關(guān)“看病就醫(yī)”話題的教學(xué)

本單元的主要交際項目是看病,所有教學(xué)活動都應(yīng)圍繞這一主題展開。建議教師設(shè)計多種情景,使學(xué)生在做中學(xué),在實踐中掌握。

(1)設(shè)置看病的情景進行表演

情景:Lin Lin was ill, she called her teacher to ask for a leave.

對話:

Mr. Li: Hello.

Lin Lin: Hello, it is Lin Lin here. Is that Mr. Li? 

Mr. Li: Yes, what’s the matter with you?

Lin Lin: I have a cold and a terrible headache.

Mr. Li: Did you take any medicine?

Lin Lin: Yes, my mother took me to the hospital last night. The doctor said it is not serious. But he thought I had better have a two-day’s rest.

Mr. Li: Well, that doesn’t matter. I hope you’ll feel better soon.

Lin Lin: Thank you very much.

此對話可在課堂上組織學(xué)生進行表演。

Name:     Age:   Sex: 

Symptom(癥狀):

Reason:(原因)

Advice: (建議)

(2)學(xué)生可以根據(jù)此表的格式寫一張醫(yī)生診斷證明

(3)教師可以組織學(xué)生建立一個臨時診所,一個學(xué)生準備一個聽疹器,一頂白帽子和一張桌子,扮演成醫(yī)生,其他幾個同學(xué)辦成不同癥狀的病人,進行對話表演。

閱讀訓(xùn)練教學(xué)

本單元安排了兩篇極富幽默感的閱讀文章,單詞較多。建議教師重點訓(xùn)練學(xué)生猜詞,判斷大意的能力。教師可在閱讀文章之前,設(shè)計部分重點詞匯練習(xí),讓學(xué)生猜出括號中單詞大意。如下:

1.Every morning My mother always(wakes me up)and I have to get up on time.

2.The students are tired and(as soon as)school is over, they go home at once.

3. I have worked for a day, I am very(tired)and I don’t want to do it any more.

4.My father always takes (morning exercises)every morning. So he can keep good health.

第70課講述的是一個叫Roy的男孩由于老做夢而去看醫(yī)生的故事。做夢是每個人都經(jīng)歷過的事情,特別是10多歲的孩子,正處于多夢時期。課文從討論做夢入手,容易引起學(xué)生的興趣,而像Roy那樣夢中總是于累人活兒的學(xué)生也有不少。

在閱讀開始之前,老師可以提幾個簡單的問題,如:Do you often dream?What do you usually do when you dream? /Would you like to know something about Roy’s dream?學(xué)生對閱讀的興趣,增強他們急于了解課文內(nèi)容的迫切心情。同時為了減少學(xué)生閱讀的難度,可以先列出一些估計學(xué)生比較難于理解的詞匯、短語或句子。如:as soon as, be busy doing sth., terrible storm, stop the ship from going down .sleeping pills, be awake, fall asleep, relax, Don't they work? light music等。閱讀完以后讓學(xué)生做練習(xí)冊中第70課的練習(xí)一,看看他們是否已經(jīng)理解了課文的內(nèi)容。

第72課的閱讀短文講的是一個胖女士請醫(yī)生看病的故事。在組織學(xué)生閱讀前老師首先問學(xué)生第一個問題:Is the woman fat or thin?然后問第二個問題:Why did the woman go to see the doctor?讓學(xué)生圍繞這些問題去閱讀。等學(xué)生閱讀完以后,老師可以用一些最簡單的一般問句問學(xué)生,例如:Is the woman feeling very well?/Did the woman have to sit down and rest every five minutes when she worked yesterday?等。然后讓學(xué)生聽錄音,加深印象。最后,教師可以讓學(xué)生做課文改寫以后的填空練習(xí)。這樣能使閱讀、聽力、書面訓(xùn)練有機地結(jié)合在一起,使教學(xué)效果更趨于完美。

語法教學(xué)

1.情態(tài)動詞have to

(l)情態(tài)動詞have to和must在意義上基本相同,在很多情況下二者可以互換使用。但must是強調(diào)說話人的主觀看法,而have to強調(diào)的是客觀需要。從形式上看must適用于所有的人稱,沒有時態(tài)的變化;而have to有第三人稱單數(shù)has to,還有時態(tài)的變化:had to(過去時),will have to(一般現(xiàn)在將來時)等。例如:

①There must be some students in the classroom now.

②We must learn English well.

③He must stay at home and look after his brother.

④There is no bus, we have to go to school on foot.

⑤Lucy’s mother is ill in hospital, she has to look after her.

⑥She couldn’t find her pen, she had to buy a new one.

⑦The students will have to know how to use the computers.

(2)含有情態(tài)動詞have to的各種句型

①陳述句

I/We/You/They have to/had to. . . .

take this medicine three times a day

clean the classroom once a day

②主語是第三人稱單數(shù)

She/He has to/had to. . . .

take more exercise

drink more water

③疑問句(借助助動詞do/does/did/will等)

Do I have to. . .? Yes, you do./No,you don't.

Does she/he have to. . . ? Yes, she/he does. /No. she/he doesn t.

Did she/he have to. . .? Yes, she/he did./No, she/he didn't.

④特殊疑問句

What do they have to do now?

What does he/she have to say at the meeting?

Why did he/she have to see a doctor?

Which book do we have to read?

教師可通過兩人一組的形式操練有關(guān)內(nèi)容,最后叫幾個小組到教室前面表演。

2.系動詞

系動詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨立作謂語,必須和后面的由名詞(短語)、形容詞(短語)副詞或介詞短語構(gòu)成的表語一起使用。最常用的系動詞是be,另外還有l(wèi)ook,become,get,seem,turn,grow,take,feel,soled,small籌。如:

(1) Twins usually look the same.

(2) The teacher became angry.

(3) His uncle is an English teacher.

(4) They look very happy/sad.

(5) This kind of apple tastes sweet.

(6) After he left school, he became a doctor.

(7) This food smells good.

(8) His face goes red.

教師可結(jié)合第71課練習(xí)冊中的練習(xí)2,適當(dāng)給出一些書面練習(xí),讓學(xué)生在課后進行操練。

寫作建議

教師可以讓學(xué)生寫兩封短信一封是介紹自己的病情,一封是回信告訴對方如何保持健康?梢允褂孟铝性~語(do more exercise, play ball game, eat less sweets, have good rest, have a cold, have a fever, have a headache, need a good rest )

學(xué)生完成練習(xí)后,再讀課文,并回答課后問題。

學(xué)法指導(dǎo)

1.本單元新出現(xiàn)的詞匯比較多,集中記憶比較困難,可以采用分散記憶法。把單詞放在課文中去記憶,這樣就會減少難度。

2.兩篇課文篇幅都比較長,對課文內(nèi)容能熟讀就行了。但對一些常用的短語必須要牢牢掌握。如:be tired, wake up, be good for sb. , as soon as, fall asleep, be busy doing sth., all night long, a terrible storm, stop the ship from going down, sleeping pills, listen to music, be fast asleep, hard work, play the same piece, feel weak and died, rest every five minutes, look over, nothing much wrong with sb. ,What do you mean? rich food, take enough exercise, eat less food, some dry bread, feel much healthier, instead of等等。

3.本單元的語法項目①情態(tài)動詞have to與②系動詞。要掌握他們的用法必須在了解他們基本含義的基礎(chǔ)上,通過一定量的口頭和書面練習(xí)。

詞匯辨析

1. too much / much too

too much意為“太多”,常修飾不可數(shù)名詞或行為動詞;而much too意為“太”,常修飾形容詞或副詞,以加強語氣。如:

He always eats too much meat, so he is much too fat. 他總是吃太多的肉,因此他太胖了。

 You talked too much at the meeting. 你在會上講得太多了。

另外,too much也可以單獨用,相當(dāng)于一個名詞或代詞。如:

He is a kind man and often gives too much but gets too little. 他是個好心人,經(jīng)常付出的多而得到的回報少。

2. instead / instead of

instead與instead of都有“代替”之意,instead 后不跟其它成分,通常置于句末作狀語;而instead of后常跟名詞、代詞、v-ing形式或介詞短語等。如:

Why don’t you come and play volleyball instead? 你們?yōu)槭裁床粊砀拇蚺徘蚰兀?/p>

We can use the USA instead of America. 我們可以用the USA來代替America.

He went to school on foot instead of by bike yesterday. 昨天他步行去上學(xué),沒有騎自行車。

Jim likes swimming instead of skating. 吉姆喜歡游泳,而不是滑冰。

疑難解析

1. What’s the trouble?你怎么了?

這是口語中常用的句子,常用于詢問對方身體哪里不舒服或發(fā)生了什么不幸的事。類似的句子還有:What’s the matter (with you)? 或What’s wrong (with you)?

trouble名詞,意思是“煩惱,苦惱,憂慮,困難”。常見的搭配有:go to the trouble“不辭辛勞地做某事”;get into trouble“陷入困境,惹麻煩”;be in trouble“處于不幸/苦惱/困境之中”。例如:

My teacher went to the trouble of teaching us.我的老師不辭勞苦地教我們。

They got into trouble when they climbed that hill yesterday.昨天他們爬山時陷入了困境。

He is always ready to help others when they are in trouble.當(dāng)他們處于困境時,他總是樂于幫助他們。

2. I had to sit down and rest every five minutes. 每五分鐘我就得坐下來休息一會兒。

every形容詞,意思是“每個”,同數(shù)詞連用時,名詞可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。表示“每……,每隔……的”。例如:

He comes every three days. 他每隔兩天來一次。(他每三天來一次。)

She goes to Beijing every other year. 她隔年去一趟北京。

3. Last night, as soon as I fell asleep I dreamt that I went to the garden.昨天夜里我一睡著就夢見我到花園里去了。 

1)as soon as是連詞,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,表示“一……就……”。如:

It began to snow as soon as I got home.  我一到家里就開始下雪了。

He will call you as soon as he arrives. 他一到就會給你電話的。

2)fall asleep 意思是“入睡的,睡著的”,fall在此是連系動詞,后常跟asleep或ill作表語。如:

He was too tired, so he fell asleep very soon. 他太累了,因此很快就睡著了。

類似的詞還有before, after, until, when等。當(dāng)主句是一般將來時態(tài)時,時間狀語從句必須用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。

3)…that I went to the garden. 這是由that引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語,叫做賓語從句。如:

He said that he could not sleep well. 他說他睡不好。

4. They taste delicious. 它們吃起來很香。

taste是系動詞。常用的系動詞有:be, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, get, become等,系動詞后常用名詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語作表語。例如:

(1) The teacher seems angry. 老師似乎生氣了。

(2) The food smells good. 食物聞起來很香。

(3) It’s getting colder. 天氣變冷了。

have to 用法分析

have to是情態(tài)動詞,意思是“必須;不得不”,表示客觀要做的事情,后接動詞原形。

一、have to的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)

have to雖是情態(tài)動詞,但有人稱或數(shù)的變化。一般現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)用has to,其他人稱用have to。例如:

You have to go with Tom.你得跟湯姆去。

She has to answer this question. 她不得不回答這個問題。

二、have to的肯定式

have to的肯定式由“have to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成。例如:

I have to tell him the news.我得告訴他這個消息。

She has to walk home.她不得不走回家。

三、have to的否定式

have to的否定式由“don’t have to+動詞原形”或“doesn’t have to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成。例如:

You don’t have to do like this.你不必這樣做。

He doesn’t have to be there on time. 他不必按時到那里。

have to的否定式還可在have/has后面加not (僅限于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時)。例如:

He hasn’t to go there.他不必去那里。

I haven’t to get up early.我不必早起床。

四、have to的疑問式

have to的一般疑問式通常由“Do/ Does + 主語+nave to+動詞原形+其他成分”構(gòu)成,肯定回答用do或does;否定回答用don’t(have to)或doesn’t(have to)。例如:

 ①–Do you have to go now?你現(xiàn)在就得去嗎?

–Yes, I do.是的。

②–Does he have to hay home? 他必須留在家里嗎?

–Yes, he does. 是的。

(No, he doesn’t (have to) . 不,他不必留在家里。)

五、have to的時態(tài)

have to可用于各種時態(tài)。其一般過去時的肯定式是had to,否定式是didn’t have to;一般將來時的肯定式是will have to,否定式是won’t have to。例如:

He said he had to see me about something important.他說他有重要的事情不得不見我。

He said they didn’t have to borrow 200 yuan from John.他說他們不必向約翰借二百元。

You will have to do that again.你得重做那件事。

She won’t have to go with you. 她不必跟你去。

六、have to與 must的區(qū)別

1.have to有人稱和數(shù)的變化,即第三人稱單數(shù)用has to,其他人稱用have to;而must沒有人稱或數(shù)的變化。例如:

He has to go there.他必須去那里。

She must be off now.她現(xiàn)在必須走了。

2.have to有時態(tài)的變化,must沒有。例如:

He told me that I must be at the station by ten.他告訴我必須十點前到達車站。

He had to pay for it.他不得不賠償。

3.have to強調(diào)客觀上“不得不”做某事;must指主觀上“必須”做某事。例如:

We must study hard.我們一定要努力學(xué)習(xí)。

He had to go on foot because there was something wrong with his car.因為他的汽車壞了,他不得不走著去。

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