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攻擊高考英語聽力全攻略
高考聽力測(cè)試的內(nèi)容基本不超出大綱附表中所列出的日常交際用語（daily expression in communication）項(xiàng)目，但絕不是原版照搬，不敢越雷池半步，那樣也就體現(xiàn)不出通過高考引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)創(chuàng)新精神和實(shí)踐能力的追求。從近年高考聽力試卷的內(nèi)容也可以看出其追求材料真實(shí)性（authenticity）的趨勢(shì)，這從理論上是為了提高測(cè)試的質(zhì)量，而且從近年聽力考試的實(shí)踐中也取得了成功。尤其是2002年夏季高考（北京卷），一方面將語速提高到了接近正常語速，另一方面材料也基本上從現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中取材而未經(jīng)加工（uned）,反映的基本上是英語的實(shí)際應(yīng)用情況。但是，基于考試的局限性，涉及日常生活話題的對(duì)話一男一女兩人之間進(jìn)行。材料突出交際化、口語化和真實(shí)性，按由短對(duì)話到長(zhǎng)對(duì)話、再到短文，由易到難安排，試題主要涉及以下幾個(gè)方面：
1.人物關(guān)系（relationship between speakers）。 考查從情節(jié)判斷人物關(guān)系。注意：對(duì)話中不會(huì)出現(xiàn)相應(yīng)字眼，一般涉及：doctor and patient; shop assistant and customer; driver and policeman; teacher and student; friends; neighbors; classmates; boss(manager) and employee(secretary)等等，這項(xiàng)考查也適合于人物職業(yè)。
例：Text:
M: Good morning, Mrs. Green, Come in, What can I do for you?
W: Well, I’m having difficulty sleeping. I often wake up at 3:00 in the morning and I just can’t get back to sleep.
Question: What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. neighbors
B. Boss and employee
C. Doctor and Patients.
相應(yīng)交際項(xiàng)目為： 看�。⊿eeing the doctor）。
2.地點(diǎn)（places）。從情節(jié)判斷說話地點(diǎn)，與對(duì)人物關(guān)系的考查相同，對(duì)話中不會(huì)出現(xiàn)相應(yīng)地點(diǎn)，若有也為干擾項(xiàng)，常見的有：at the hospital(clinic), in the post office; at a hotel; at restaurant, in the library, at the airport, in the bank, at the railway station, at the bus stop, on the street。
例：Text:
M: Can I take your coat, Madam?
W: Thank you.
M: And would you like something to drink before you order your meal.
Question: Where does the conversation take place?
A.in a restaurant.
B.In a coffee shop.
C.In a clothing store.
相應(yīng)交際項(xiàng)目為就餐（Taking meals）。
3.否定（Negation）。 聽到的內(nèi)容有否定的意思。要弄清楚否定什么，肯定什么。
例：Text:
M: How are you getting to the airport?
W: Well I haven’t really got any choice – I have to take the bus. My car is at the garage getting repaired, and a taxi is just too expensive.
Question: What can we learn from the conversation?
A.The woman will go to the airport by taxi.
B.The woman is asking the man for help.
C.The woman’s car has broken down.
相應(yīng)交際項(xiàng)目為問路和應(yīng)答(asking the way and responses)。
4.根據(jù)上下文作出推斷（contextual reference）或作出結(jié)論（conclusion）。 做這種題目不為強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)關(guān)鍵字的理解，而更注意對(duì)句子及對(duì)話的整體理解，還要考慮說話人的實(shí)際意圖及態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、看法、建議、行動(dòng)、計(jì)劃等。
例、Text:
M: Hi, Sue. It’s Mario.
W: hi, How are you?
M: Fine. Look, I was wondering if you are free on saturday evening. I’ve got some tickets for a concert, would you like to come?
W: Oh, well … I’d like to, but … um ….. I’m studying for my exams at the moment, and well … I’m sorry … I can’t.
M: OK. --- not to worry. Some other time then, I suppose.
W: Oh, yeah …right … Sure.
Question①: Why does the man call the woman?
A.He wants to ask her to go out with him.
B.He wants to remind her of the concert.
C.He wants to help her with her study.
Question②: What can we learn about the woman?
A.She doesn’t really want to go.
B.She works hard at school.
C.She doesn’t like music.
本題涉及的主要相應(yīng)交際項(xiàng)目為：邀請(qǐng)和應(yīng)答（Invitations and responses）
5.分辨數(shù)字（numeric discrimination）及計(jì)算（computation）。涉及數(shù)字主要包括：日期、時(shí)間、年代、年齡、價(jià)格、數(shù)量、距離、房間號(hào)、電話號(hào)碼等，數(shù)字種類有記述詞、序數(shù)詞、百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)等。做題時(shí)常常需分辨出幾個(gè)數(shù)字，排除干擾項(xiàng)，有時(shí)還要用到簡(jiǎn)單的加減乘除運(yùn)算，同時(shí)還要注意一些常見數(shù)量表達(dá)法如：quarter,double,dozen,twice,times,two-thirds,a pair, dollars, pound, penny, cent等。
例：Text:
W: Good morning. Crawley Chemicals. How can I help you?
M: Good morning. I’d like to speak to Mr. Brown, please.
W: I’m sorry, he is not in at the moment. Can I take a message?
M: OK. My name is Dick Morton. That’s M-O-R-T-N. I’m phoning from Everbright Travel about Mr. Brown’s trip to Australia, He’s booked on flight number BA1279 to Sydney on Monday. That’s April 17th. The flight leaves from Gate 4, Oh, no sorry, it leaves from Gate 1 at half past ten.
W: uh.
M: That’s 10:30, but he must be there at least two hours before to check in.
W: And how will he get his tickets?
M: Oh, we’ll send them around this afternoon. But if there’s and problem, he can call me at 33486220.
W: OK, I’ll make sure he gets your message.
M: Thank you, good-bye.
W: Good-bye
Question① Why is the man making the telephone call?
A、He is inviting Mr.Brown to go to Australia.
B.He is giving information at Mr. Brown’s flight.
C.He is fixing a time to meet Mr. Brown at the airport.
Question② When does Mr. Brown have to be at the airport?
A. By 8:30 B. By 9:30 C. By 10:30
Question③ What number can Mr. Brown call if there is a problem?
A. 33466820 B. 33688202 C. 33486220
本題涉及的交際項(xiàng)目主要為打電話（making phone calls）和傳遞信息（passing on a message）.
從上面的題例和分析可以看出，上述考查內(nèi)容和交際項(xiàng)目并非單個(gè)出現(xiàn)，而是復(fù)合出現(xiàn)在每個(gè)題目中，只不過有主有次罷了，這一點(diǎn)還是應(yīng)該注意的。
五、聽力全攻略
根據(jù)以上分析，我們總結(jié)出高考聽力全攻略，具體如下：
攻略一、熟悉高考聽力的５個(gè)方面和大綱規(guī)定的41個(gè)交際項(xiàng)目是做好聽力測(cè)試的前提。所謂萬變不離其宗，多研究“變”，方得其“宗”。５個(gè)方面和４１個(gè)項(xiàng)目卻可使考題變化萬端，“摸爬滾打”于萬變之中，然后才能置身于萬變之外而靜觀其宗，上面分析僅僅走馬觀花而已，旨在拋磚引玉，引導(dǎo)大家采百花而得其蜜糖。
攻略二、多聽多練、積累背景知識(shí)是提高聽力的根本。聽不僅僅是聽而又植根于聽�！安粌H僅是聽”是我們不僅必須把握攻略的內(nèi)容，還要全方位擴(kuò)大英語知識(shí)�！爸哺诼牎痹谟趶�(qiáng)調(diào)聽是根本，聽力雖難，“Thank you”卻都能聽出且能迅速正確作答 “you’re welcome…”,原因在于一是熟悉此類知識(shí)，而則聽得太多。試想一下，在沒有接觸英文之前，它并不比其它的更容易。由此看來，即使一些難點(diǎn)如[v] [ e] [θ ] [m] [n] [N ]音素和連讀、弱讀也并不可怕。所謂聽力好壞，不過是方法有優(yōu)劣而已，要么學(xué)英語從不朗讀，要么 “三天打漁、兩天曬網(wǎng)”…總之都犯了學(xué)英語的大忌。每天堅(jiān)持聽，哪怕很短的時(shí)間，聽不出就把文字材料讀若干遍直至背誦，一則練了聽力，二則擴(kuò)大了知識(shí)面，雖沒有閱讀信息量大，也可逐步積累嘛。
攻略三、良好的心理狀態(tài)是做好高考聽力的必要條件。考場(chǎng)情況，瞬息有變，若能排除錄音不清、環(huán)境陌生等諸多不利因素，泰然處之、從容應(yīng)對(duì)，則為超水平發(fā)揮加了一層籌碼，不然，一遇情況有變就茫然不知所措，無疑為“前功盡棄”增添了機(jī)會(huì)。
攻略四、當(dāng)然要事先讀題啦。但要注意：第一節(jié)和第二節(jié)是不一樣的。第一節(jié)每段對(duì)話僅一個(gè)題目，便于集中精力到“要害”， 而第二節(jié)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白有二到四個(gè)題目，應(yīng)一塊讀一預(yù)測(cè)大致內(nèi)容，更何況第一題的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)沒準(zhǔn)在對(duì)話或獨(dú)白的結(jié)尾呢！至于時(shí)間嘛，高考為你準(zhǔn)備的綽綽有余，看一看“考生必讀”不就全明白了嗎？更何況讀題前還有試音及一大堆的大家早就爛熟于心的各種要求與提示呢！
攻略五、集中精力是聽力制勝之“葵花寶典”。要點(diǎn)在于眼觀一個(gè)問題、三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。聽的過程中大忌停留目光于一個(gè)選項(xiàng)或小題而猶豫不決。且同時(shí)做到眼、耳、腦、手并用，迅速作答。切勿“移情別戀”，應(yīng)知此時(shí)雖有“語音繞梁”，不過模糊余響而已，遠(yuǎn)不如當(dāng)初印象清晰。
另外，高考聽力雖非“等閑之輩”，題目卻無外乎兩類。一類曰聽細(xì)節(jié)；一類曰根據(jù)內(nèi)容概括推斷。而前者為絕大多數(shù)，后者為少數(shù)較難題目，兩三個(gè)而已。由此看來，只要思想上不背包袱，既不太緊張、又不太放松，從容應(yīng)對(duì)，采取科學(xué)的方略“嚴(yán)防死守”，對(duì)待聽力這一仗就像對(duì)待“甲流”一樣，我們還是勝券在握的。
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