英語語法詳解 代詞（四）

　　代詞分人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、關系代詞和連接代詞，它們在句子中承擔不同的功用。

　　指 示 代 詞

　　一、指示代詞this，that，these和those用來代替上文已提到或指示眼前的人或物，在句中可充當主語、賓語和定語。做定語的指示代詞要與所修飾的詞在數(shù)上一致

　　1) Today's libraries differ greatly from        .

　　［A］ the past ［B］ those of the past ［C］ that are past ［D］ those past

　　2) The amount of money spent on cosmetics, according to some authorities, has exceeded spent on public health.

　�。跘］ one

　�。跙］ those

　�。跜］ it

　�。跠］ that

　　3) The culture and customs of America are more like of England than of any other country.

　�。跘］ that

　　［B］ what

　�。跜］ which

　　［D］ those

　　例題解析

　　1) B為正確答案。此題中的differ from意為"不同于"，相比較的對象為"現(xiàn)代的圖書館"與"以往的圖書館"，故應選B ，用those代替前面提到的libraries(復數(shù))。

　　2) D為正確答案。"has exceeded""超過，超越"，空檔后"spent on public health"作定語，而空檔處是代詞代替"The amount of monay"，這是不可數(shù)名詞，所以"［A］ one"和"［B］ those"均不符合條件。"［C］ it"也不對，it代詞代"the amount of money spent on cosmetics,"那么空檔后的"spent on public health"顯然與"spent on cosmetics"相矛盾。所以C也不對。

　　3) D為正確答案。"what"和"which"為連接和關系代詞，"that"指代單數(shù)，而空檔處是代前邊的"The clture and customs of America"，所以應當用復數(shù)代詞those。

　　二、為了避免重復，that或those來代替前邊的名詞或代詞，that表示事物，those表示人。一般來講that表示單數(shù)或不可數(shù)，而those表示復數(shù)。但those可以和who連用，由who引導一個定語從句，這時those就不是代替前邊的某詞

　　4) Numerous efforts have been made ［A］ to improve ［B］ the laws governing ［C］ air pollution， but none have been as successful as them ［D］ devised by the state of Oregon.

　　5) An internationally famous ballerina ［A］ ， Maria Tallchief demonstrated ［B］ that the quality of ballet in the United States could equal those ［C］ of the ballet in Europe ［D］ .

　　6) Since the job was going to be ［A］ difficult， he asked only ［B］ them ［C］ he trusted to assist him ［D］ .

　　7) Forest animals ［A］ utilize the sense ［B］ of smell less ［C］ than them ［D］ in the countryside.

　　例題解析

　　4) D錯。 改為those。這里"those"與"none"同指，都代"the laws"。

　　5) C錯。 改為that，代"the quality。"

　　6) C錯。改為those。C處作"asked"的賓語，又作"he trusted to assist him"的先行詞。

　　7) D 錯。 改為those。

　　三、such修飾可數(shù)名詞須與a連用，也可修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞

　　8) Let us take a serious, reasonable look at what the results might be if proposal were accepted.

　�。跘］ so many

　�。跙］ a so many

　　［C］ a such

　�。跠］ such a

　　9) Although signs of dishonesty in school, business, and government seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at revealing dishonesty?

　　［A］ so

　�。跙］ those

　　［C］ such

　�。跠］ such a

　　例題解析

　　8) D為正確答案。

　　9) C為正確答案。

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