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A級(jí)考前技巧輔導(dǎo)-聽力
一 聽力理解
1 試題介紹
聽力理解是高等學(xué)校英語應(yīng)用能力考試測(cè)試的第一部分，其目的是測(cè)試考生獲取口頭信息的能力。共15題，考試時(shí)間15分鐘。這一部分包括三節(jié)：A節(jié)（Section A）是Dialogue（對(duì)話）部分，有5題，每題含一組對(duì)話，共兩句，對(duì)話后有一個(gè)問句。B節(jié)（section B）為兩個(gè)Conversations（會(huì)話），每個(gè)部分均含一組會(huì)話，會(huì)話后有2至3個(gè)問句，共5題。C節(jié)(Section C) 有5題，其題型是一篇約200詞的短文，隨后附有5個(gè)問句，要求考生在所給的5個(gè)未完整的答題里填入單詞或詞語，一般朗讀兩遍。
2 解題技巧指導(dǎo)?
（一）對(duì)話或會(huì)話部分應(yīng)試技巧
聽力測(cè)試中對(duì)話或會(huì)話內(nèi)容比較廣泛，大致以衣食住行等日常生活為主要話題。常見的提問形式有：
１） 對(duì)談話內(nèi)容、情節(jié)、情感、觀點(diǎn)等問題，常用what 提問：
What does the man (woman) mean?
What do we learn from this conversation?
What will the man do?
２） 對(duì)事情發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)提問，常用 where:
Where does this conversation most probably take place?
３） 對(duì)時(shí)間提問，常有 when、 what 、time 、how long等：
What time is it now?
When did the man (do) …？
How long does the man have to (do) …？
4) 對(duì)數(shù)量，價(jià)格提問，常用 how much, how many:
How much does the man have to pay?
How many people took part in the competition?
5) 對(duì)篇章內(nèi)容提問，也常用這類疑問詞：
What is the main idea (topic) of the passage?
Which of the following is (not) true?
What do you learn from this passage?
According to the speaker, what is the …？
What does the speaker think of …？
（二）常見命題類型
1．判斷題
這類題在聽力測(cè)試中的比例較大。要求考生判斷事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、職業(yè)、身份。此外，還涉及到建議、請(qǐng)求、觀點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果等。
例如（考生可聽到）：
W:How is your stomach?
M:It’s gone,thanks.I’v just been to the doctor and he took care of it.
Q:How is the man now?
(考生可看到)：
A) He has a stomachache.
B) A doctor is treating his illness.
C) He needs to see a doctor.
D) He is all right. （湖北三級(jí)樣題）
觀察試題，考生會(huì)意識(shí)到本題是與身體狀況有關(guān)的對(duì)話。在聽的過程中，我們?nèi)糁宦牭絪tomach...,gone...,thanks...,the doctor...and he took care of it 猜起來就不太準(zhǔn)確。只有大致聽清楚這些談話之間的關(guān)系，抓住了“It’s gone .”,擺脫題目設(shè)計(jì)者的“障眼法”，to the doctor...took care of it才可以得出正確的答案D）。
又如（考生可聽到）：
M:I’m James Jackson. I called you yesterday to reserve a room for two days.
W:Yes, Mr.Jackson. Here is your key to Room 202.
Q:What is the relationship between these two speakers?
（考生可從試卷上看到）:
A) Husband and wife.
B) Guest and receptionist.
C) Teacher and student.
D) Doctor and patient. (湖北三級(jí)樣題)
觀察試題，考生就會(huì)意識(shí)到本題可能是有關(guān)談話雙方的職業(yè)或關(guān)系。有了這個(gè)底，在聽的過程中，我們可捕捉到這樣的信息：reserve a room for two days,Here is your key to Room 202.我們可猜想這可能是在某旅館服務(wù)臺(tái)前進(jìn)行的對(duì)話，對(duì)話者之間的關(guān)系應(yīng)是Guest and receptionist.
2． 數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題
這類題在對(duì)話與短文中均可能出現(xiàn)。要求考生獲得有關(guān)數(shù)字的信息，有時(shí)還可能要進(jìn)行一些簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算。這些數(shù)字包括價(jià)格、日期、年月、鐘點(diǎn)、人物、物品件數(shù)、時(shí)刻表等，測(cè)試考生“瞬間記憶”的能力。
例如（考生可以聽到）：
M:It’s a already 8:45,but our train hasn’t arrived yet.
W:Don’t worry,it’ll come in twenty minutes.
Q:When will the train arrive?
（考生可以從試卷上看到）：
A) 8:15. B) 8:45. C) 8:20. D) 9:05.（上海交大三級(jí)樣題）
從觀察試題，考生就會(huì)意識(shí)到本題是關(guān)于時(shí)間的，在聽的過程中，對(duì)有關(guān)時(shí)間的信息分外注意，會(huì)從對(duì)話中捕捉這樣的信息：It’s already 8:45.The train will come in twenty minutes.那么經(jīng)過簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算后，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)D) 是正確答案。
又如：
W: Bob, are you going straight home after school today?
M: No, I have a class until one o’clock, and after that I’m going to spend a couple of hours at the library before going home.
Q: When is Bob going home this afternoon? (CET4-90.1.6.)
A) Around 5:00 B) Around 3:00C) At 2:00 D) At 1:00
答案：B。
3．詞匯題
這類題在短文中出現(xiàn)較多，主要測(cè)試考生對(duì)某個(gè)詞或短語的理解。
常用形式：What does the word (phrase) mean (imply, indicate) …？
What do you understand from …？
例如：
W: How often did you write home?
M: I used to write home once a week.
Q: What do you understand from the man’s answer? (CET4-90.12.)
A) He enjoys writing home every week.
B) He never fails to write a weekly letter home.
C) He doesn’t write home once a week now.
D) He has been asked to write home every week.
答案: C。
注： 本題重點(diǎn)測(cè)試短語 used to write的含義。
M: Nancy, why were you late today?
W: I overslept and missed the bus.
Q: Why was Nancy late? (CET—4 90.10.)
A) She got up later than usual.B) The bus was late.
C) She forgot she had classes.D) Her clock was slow.
答案： A。
注：本題重點(diǎn)測(cè)試動(dòng)詞 overslept 的含義。
W: John, do you want to go swimming with me today?
M: Sure. But I can’t leave now. I have an appointment with my professor at three o’clock.
Q: Why can’t John go swimming now? (CET4-95.6.4)
A) He must meet his teacher.
B) He must attend a class.
C) He must go out with his girlfriend.
D) He must stay at school to finish his homework.
答案：A。
注：本題重點(diǎn)測(cè)試短語 have an appointment with 的含義。
4．語法題
這類題多半出現(xiàn)在對(duì)話中，用以測(cè)試考生對(duì)某個(gè)語法現(xiàn)象（如：虛擬、倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)、否定等結(jié)構(gòu)）的理解。
例如：
W: If the traffic wasn’t so bad I would have been home by 6 o’clock.
M: What a pity! John was here to see you.
Q: What happened to the man? (CET4-90.1.7)
A) He had to work overtime.B) He was held up in traffic.
C) His car ran out of gas.D) He had a traffic accident.
答案: B。
注：本題測(cè)試對(duì)虛擬語氣的理解。
5．綜合推理題
這是聽力測(cè)試中要求較高的題型�？忌粌H要聽懂對(duì)話或短文的內(nèi)容，而且還要根據(jù)語調(diào)和情景來判斷其內(nèi)在含義，并作出歸納、推理和結(jié)論。
例如（考生可聽到）：
W:We’re going to have a party tomorrow.Would you like to come?
M:Thanks for your inviting me, but I’m afraid not.I have an appointment with my teacher.
Q:What does the man mean?
（考生可看到）：
A) He has to see his teacher. B) He has some teaching to do.
C) He doesn’t want to go to the party. D) He is afraid of being invited.（湖北三級(jí)樣題）
觀察題目，我們可以得到的信息不多，猜想是要弄清楚“he”要干什么或有什么感受。若我們大致弄清楚那婦女是向男士發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)，那么男士是怎樣回答這邀請(qǐng)呢。“but”后面的內(nèi)容就很重要。只有聽清楚了but。后面的內(nèi)容，才能作出正確的選擇A) 。在我們聽力考試中，對(duì)話中若出現(xiàn)but...這樣的句式，一定要努力聽清楚。其往往是該題的信息要點(diǎn)。
又如（考生可聽到）：
W:I need a car this weekend,but mine has broken down.
M:I’m sorry to hear it,but you can always rent one if you have a license.
Q:What does the man mean?
（考生可看到）：
A) She can use his car. B) She can borrow someone else’s car.
C) She must get her car fixed. D) She can’t borrow his car.
觀察題目，我們可以知道是有關(guān)車方面的事，可能是女的用男的車，女的借別人的車，自己把車修好或不能借男的車，那么通過聽對(duì)話，我們知道女士需要用車，但她自己的車又壞了。而男士回答說“聽到這很抱歉，但只要你有執(zhí)照，隨時(shí)都可以租一輛”。通過這樣的對(duì)話，女士想向男士借車的試探及男士不能或不愿借車的言外之意，考生可借助語調(diào)、語速、語句推斷D) 為正確答案。
6．涉及語言文化及背景知識(shí)的題
在聽力測(cè)試中，由于少數(shù)考生不熟悉國外的文化背景知識(shí)，題答起來很困難。
M: Please buy two packs of cigarettes for me while you are at the store.
W: I am not going to any store. I’m going to see Aunt Mary, but I will get them for you at the gas station.
Q: Where will the woman stop on her way? (CET4-93.6.8)
A) At a cigarette store.B) At a bus station.
C) At a gas station.D) At Aunt Mary’s.
答案:C。
［解析］由于考生不知道國外的gas station不僅出售汽油，也出售香煙等日用品這一民情，故把Ｃ項(xiàng)正確答案錯(cuò)為Ａ項(xiàng)。
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（三）單詞聽寫部分應(yīng)試技巧
這部分側(cè)重檢測(cè)考生對(duì)單詞的音，形，義的綜合掌握能力，一般說來，做聽寫填空題可按下列步驟和技巧進(jìn)行：
1．聽抄：即聽到什么內(nèi)容寫下什么內(nèi)容，要求考生有扎實(shí)的單詞拼寫能力，要從音、形、義
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